Meho, L.I., Yang, K.
Impact of data sources on citation counts and rankings of LIS faculty: Web of science versus scopus and google scholar
(2007) Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58 (13), pp. 2105-2125.

School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405

Abstract
The Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI, now Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) citation databases have been used for decades as a starting point and often as the only tools for locating citations and/or conducting citation analyses. The ISI databases (or Web of Science [WoS]), however, may no longer be sufficient because new databases and tools that allow citation searching are now available. Using citations to the work of 25 library and information science (LIS) faculty members as a case study, the authors examine the effects of using Scopus and Google Scholar (GS) on the citation counts and rankings of scholars as measured by WoS. Overall, more than 10,000 citing and purportedly citing documents were examined. Results show that Scopus significantly alters the relative ranking of those scholars that appear in the middle of the rankings and that GS stands out in its coverage of conference proceedings as well as international, non-English language journals. The use of Scopus and GS, in addition to WoS, helps reveal a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the scholarly impact of authors. The WoS data took about 100 hours of collecting and processing time, Scopus consumed 200 hours, and GS a grueling 3,000 hours.

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Schwarzenberger, F.^a ^c , Burger, P.A.^a ^c , Reimers, M.^a ^c , Walzer, C.^b ^d
The importance of refereed scientific publications, and how to conduct a search for sound standing information in a veterinary practice [Die Bedeutung von Referierten Publikationen - Internetsuche, Beurteilung und Nutzung der Flut an Wissenschaftlichen Informationen Unter Praxisbedingungen]
(2007) Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift, 94 (5-6), pp. 133-142.

^a Institut fu?r Biochemie, Department fu?r Naturwissenschaften, Veterina?rmedizinischen Universita?t Wien
^b Forschungsinstitut fu?r Wildtierkunde und O?kologie, Veterina?rmedizinischen Universita?t Wien
^c Veterina?rolatz 1, A-1210 Wien
^d Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160 Wien

Abstract
The amount of scientific literature is increasing at an unprecedented rate. One benefit of the "information age" is the wide spread availability and distribution of scientific news through the general media, but this type of information is usually too superficial for professional use. The purpose of this paper is to help the veterinary professional to search current, accurate scientific information and to access original scientific publications. The importance of refereed scientific literature, its evaluation by the Science Citation Index and the Impact Factor are explained and debated. We describe how to locate refereed scientific publications via the internet within reasonable time and at low costs and how to make a critical assessment of such information. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of certain Information channels, scientific databases and internet search engines like PubMed, Scirus, Google Scholar, Scopus, Webspirs, ISI Web of Knowledge, IVIS-International Veterinary Information Service and Wiklpedia. We give suggestions for their use and we present examples of recent topics (antibiotics resistance, climate change, influenzavirus H5N1, prion disease) taken from the general media. We conclude that none of the listed information channels is the universal tool, and depending on the need and extent of required information, the combination of several information channels is recommended in order to expand beyond professional textbook knowledge. Furthermore we discuss the concept of evidence-based medicine, for which critical reading and appraising of the scientific literature and other sources of information is key, and which propagates knowledge transfer of evidence gained from the scientific literature into medical and veterinary practice.

Author Keywords
Evidence-based veterinary medicine; Google scholar; Impact factor; ISI web of knowledge; IVIS-international veterinary information service; PubMed; Science citation index; Scientific literature; Scirus; Scopus; Webspirs; Wikipedia

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Libmann, F.
Web of science, scopus, and classical online: Philosophies of searching
(2007) Online (Wilton, Connecticut), 31 (3), pp. 36-40. Cited 1 time.

FLA Consultants

Abstract
A competition has started between Elsevier and Thomson's Web of Science with the introduction of Scopus by Elsevier. Web of Science is available on the ISI Web of Knowledge platform. It is essentially made up of three different databases that can be searched individually or together. These databases are Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Science Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. Scopus coverage is larger than Web of Science's in terms of the number of titles, however Scopus does not cover back as far as Web of Science. Some of the features of Scopus and Web of Science are automation truncation is available in Scopus but not in Web of science, AND is the default operator in both systems, Scopus has fewer analysis criteria, however source, author, publication year, type of document, and subject are common to both services.

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Norris, M., Oppenheim, C.
Comparing alternatives to the Web of Science for coverage of the social sciences' literature
(2007) Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), pp. 161-169. Cited 1 time.

Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough,Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom

Abstract
Te Web of Science is no longer the only database which offers citation indexing of the social sciences. Scopus, CSA Illumina and Google Scholar are new entrants in this market. The holdings and citation records of these four databases were assessed against two sets of data one drawn from the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise and the other from the International bibliography of the Social Sciences. Initially, CSA Illumina's coverage at journal title level appeared to be the most comprehensive. But when recall and average citation count was tested at article level and rankings extrapolated by submission frequency to individual journal titles, Scopus was ranked first. When issues of functionality, the quality of record processing and depth of coverage are taken into account, Scopus and Web of Science have a significant advantage over the other two databases. From this analysis, Scopus offers the best coverage from amongst these databases and could be used as an alternative to the Web of Science as a tool to evaluate the research impact in the social sciences. � 2007 Charles Oppenheim.

Author Keywords
CSA Illumina Google Scholar research impact; RAE; Scopus; Web of Science

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Bar-Ilan, J.^a , Levene, M.^b , Lin, A.^a
Some measures for comparing citation databases
(2007) Journal of Informetrics, 1 (1), pp. 26-34.

^a Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
^b School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom

Abstract
Citation analysis was traditionally based on data from the ISI Citation indexes. Now with the appearance of Scopus, and with the free citation tool Google Scholar methods and measures are need for comparing these tools. In this paper we propose a set of measures for computing the similarity between rankings induced by ordering the retrieved publications in decreasing order of the number of citations as reported by the specific tools. The applicability of these measures is demonstrated and the results show high similarities between the rankings of the ISI Web of Science and Scopus and lower similarities between Google Scholar and the other tools. � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords
Citation databases; Rankings; Similarity measures

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Kiduk, Y., Meho, L.I.
Citation analysis: A comparison of google scholar, scopus, and web of science
(2006) Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting, 43, 10 p.

School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, 1320 East 10th St., LI 011, Bloomington, IN 47405

Abstract
When faculty members are evaluated, they are judged in part by the impact and quality of their scholarly publications. While all academic institutions look to publication counts and venues as well as the subjective opinions of peers, many hiring, tenure, and promotion committees also rely on citation analysis to obtain a more objective assessment of an author's work. Consequently, faculty members try to identify as many citations to their published works as possible to provide a comprehensive assessment of their publication impact on the scholarly and professional communities. The Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI) citation databases, which are widely used as a starting point if not the only source for locating citations, have several limitations that may leave gaps in the coverage of citations to an author's work. This paper presents a case study comparing citations found in Scopus and Google Scholar with those found in Web of Science (the portal used to search the three ISI citation databases) for items published by two Library and Information Science full-time faculty members. In addition, the paper presents a brief overview of a prototype system called CiteSearch, which analyzes combined data from multiple citation databases to produce citation-based quality evaluation measures.

Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus

Bakkalbasi, N.^a , Bauer, K.^a , Glover, J.^b , Wang, L.^b
Three options for citation tracking: Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science
(2006) Biomedical Digital Libraries, 3, art. no. 7, . Cited 6 times.

^a Yale University Library, 130 Wall St., New Haven, CT 06520-8240, United States
^b Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520-8014, United States

Abstract
Background: Researchers turn to citation tracking to find the most influential articles for a particular topic and to see how often their own published papers are cited. For years researchers looking for this type of information had only one resource to consult: the Web of Science from Thomson Scientific. In 2004 two competitors emerged - Scopus from Elsevier and Google Scholar from Google. The research reported here uses citation analysis in an observational study examining these three databases; comparing citation counts for articles from two disciplines (oncology and condensed matter physics) and two years (1993 and 2003) to test the hypothesis that the different scholarly publication coverage provided by the three search tools will lead to different citation counts from each. Methods: Eleven journal titles with varying impact factors were selected from each discipline (oncology and condensed matter physics) using the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). All articles published in the selected titles were retrieved for the years 1993 and 2003, and a stratified random sample of articles was chosen, resulting in four sets of articles. During the week of November 7-12, 2005, the citation counts for each research article were extracted from the three sources. The actual citing references for a subset of the articles published in 2003 were also gathered from each of the three sources. Results: For oncology 1993 Web of Science returned the highest average number of citations, 45.3. Scopus returned the highest average number of citations (8.9) for oncology 2003. Web of Science returned the highest number of citations for condensed matter physics 1993 and 2003 (22.5 and 3.9 respectively). The data showed a significant difference in the mean citation rates between all pairs of resources except between Google Scholar and Scopus for condensed matter physics 2003. For articles published in 2003 Google Scholar returned the largest amount of unique citing material for oncology and Web of Science returned the most for condensed matter physics. Conclusion: This study did not identify any one of these three resources as the answer to all citation tracking needs. Scopus showed strength in providing citing literature for current (2003) oncology articles, while Web of Science produced more citing material for 2003 and 1993 condensed matter physics, and 1993 oncology articles. All three tools returned some unique material. Our data indicate that the question of which tool provides the most complete set of citing literature may depend on the subject and publication year of a given article. � 2006 Bakkalbasi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus

Burnham, J.F.
Scopus database: A review
(2006) Biomedical Digital Libraries, 3, art. no. 1, 8 p. Cited 1 time.

University of South Alabama Biomedical Library, 316 BLB, Mobile, AL 36688, United States

Abstract
The Scopus database provides access to STM journal articles and the references included in those articles, allowing the searcher to search both forward and backward in time. The database can be used for collection development as well as for research. This review provides information on the key points of the database and compares it to Web of Science. Neither database is inclusive, but complements each other. If a library can only afford one, choice must be based in institutional needs. � 2006Burnham; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus

Jacso, P.
As we may search - Comparison of major features of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar citation-based and citation-enhanced databases
(2005) Current Science, 89 (9), pp. 1537-1547. Cited 17 times.

Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States

Author Keywords
Google Scholar; Scopus; Web of Science

Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus

Martek, A.
Scopus vs. Web of Science
(2005) Kemija u industriji/Journal of Chemists and Chemical Engineers, 54 (9), pp. 400-401.

Hrvatski Geolos?ki Institut, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb

Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus

Bauer, K.^a , Bakkalbasi, N.^b
An examination of citation counts in a new scholarly communication environment
(2005) D-Lib Magazine, 11 (9), 8 p. Cited 10 times.

^a Yale University Library
^b Kline Science Library, Yale University

Abstract
Citation analysis is an important tool used to trace scholarly research, measure impact, and justify tenure and funding decisions. Web of Science, which indexes peer-reviewed journal literature, has been the major research database for citation tracking. Changes in scholarly communication, including preprint/postprint servers, technical reports available via the internet, and open access e-journals are developing rapidly, and traditional citation tracking using Web of Science may miss much of this new activity. Two new tools are now available to count citations: Scopus and Google Scholar. This paper presents a case study comparing the citation counts provided by Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles from the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) published in 1985 and in 2000 using a paired t-test to determine statistical significance. Web of Science provided the largest citation counts for the 1985 articles, although this could not be tested statistically. For JASIST articles published in 2000, Google Scholar provided statistically significant higher citation counts than either Web of Science or Scopus, while there was no significant difference between Web of Science and Scopus. The implications for measuring impact in a changing scholarly communication environment are examined.

Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus

LaGuardia, C.
Scopus vs. web of science
(2005) Library Journal, 130 (1), pp. 40-42. Cited 1 time.

Department of Instructional Services, Harvard College Library

Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus